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Tag: Germany

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Heinrich Himmler

Zero

Lebenskraft ! (10)

Dachau

Then I headed to Dachau, about 45 minutes from Munich. On the way I passed where the Gestapo had their offices. Here I am looking at the entrance and exit gates of the concentration camp:

Previous generations of Germans weren’t as aggressively brainwashed as they are today. The person in charge of showing us the Dachau concentration camp, for example, had a mother who belonged to the Hitler Youth, and her father never talked about the war unless the beer got too much, she confessed. Nowadays, the System forces the adolescents to visit Dachau to indoctrinate them in anti-Nazi ideology, as we see in this picture I took:

The number of young people I saw in the camp was considerable! But in reality, Dachau wasn’t an extermination camp but a re-education camp for opponents of the Third Reich. It was a camp for males. Himmler was born very close to it, and when he came to power, he had the excellent idea of imprisoning the political opposition.

The camp operated from 1933 to 1945 and is now home to riot control units, which occupy many of Dachau’s buildings. Prisoners began arriving in 1933. Official figures put the number of detainees at 206,000 in the years the camp was active, and 42,000 who died there. The camp is huge: it covers 200 hectares and there is a plaque commemorating the ‘liberation’ perpetrated by the gringos in April 1945.

I am irritated to report that, on visiting the camp, the guide informed us that this month would be the 80th anniversary of the ‘liberation’ of Dachau, celebrated in a big way there.

In the 1930s there was a saying for dissidents, ‘Shut up if you don’t go to Dachau’. Nowadays people in power also incarcerate political dissidents, as evidenced by Joseph Walsh and Chris Gibbons serving a sentence of years and recently, also in England, twelve men were arrested for daring to celebrate Hitler’s birth, as an Englishman let us know today. The hypocrisy is so blatant that the Americans used Dachau for three years to imprison Germans!

This sort of thing, naturally, is not denounced by official guides unlike Himmler, who announced in a newspaper why Dachau had been opened:

In some of the photos in the museum we can see who was imprisoned. For example, a clergyman said in a sermon that it was legitimate to assassinate a tyrant (Hitler). The mayor of Vienna also ended up in Dachau. After all, in real life he behaved as Captain Georg von Trapp behaved in The Sound of Music: an exception, because the Austrian people in general opened their arms to the Führer.

The camp also received commies and political prisoners from all over Europe, especially Poles and Russians, but also French, Germans, Czechs and Republican Spaniards.

I love the German bureaucracy that ordered everything and scrupulously classified the type of prisoner, as long as there was a hierarchy among them. Some crimes against the state or the race were considered much more serious than others.

The blue triangle designated migrants; the black triangle designated consumers of degenerate culture and also those who married Jews. These measures couldn’t be implemented in a new ethnnostate because virtually all Westerners would have to be imprisoned, even some white nationalists, as Sebastian Ronin mocked in one of his cartoons!

There were also colours for gypsies and political prisoners, red. Of course, consumers of degenerate culture fared much better in Dachau than, say, opponents of the regime, especially if they were Jews. But what does a consumer of degenerate culture mean? It should be obvious to today’s racialists that the Afro-American art is unfit for the Aryan spirit, as I saw on this museum poster:

The chutzpa of the System never ceases to amaze me. In the conditions at Dachau, and remember that not every prisoner was treated equally but some were relatively well treated, just over forty thousand died according to official figures. Eisenhower murdered 800,000 Germans in real death camps!

Dachau was, as I said, a re-education camp where you could get out alive. In Eisenhower’s extermination camps no behaviour could save you: the object was to kill you for having been a National Socialist.

The barracks at Dachau were removed in the 1960s and now only the rows of poplar trees remain.

If you look closely at the picture above, in the background you can see the first memorial built for the ‘victims’ of the camp. It was not built by the Jews, but by Catholics: a church, built in 1964.

The church bells ring at 3 pm to commemorate the Catholic ‘saints’ and the ‘victims’ of Dachau. Behind it is a Carmelite monastery, built not long after. Next to it we can see the Lutheran church that was built later, commemorating the same thing.

The young people do voluntary service because the de-Nazification process never ends in Germany. Then the Orthodox Christians made their own monument: another propagandistic church. They even brought soil from Slavic soil because they didn’t want to build their church on German soil.

But you can also see the Jewish hand in Dachau in this memorial, as the first line is in Hebrew:

Then I saw the crematoria for those who died in the camp. According to the guide, who as I said her mother had been in the Hitler Youth, where this tree was, some of the prisoners were hanged:

It was strange to see beautiful women visiting the museum.

And a mixed couple was not to be missed.

The museum, the guided tours by guides who must be licensed by the German state, and all the culture and universities of Munich are a gigantic fraud. Munich, a city where only a few buildings are taller than the cathedral, is the publishing capital of Europe (only New York has more publishing houses), but what good is so much culture if they are incapable of publishing a book denouncing the Hellstorm Holocaust, like the one written by Tom Goodrich? The lie by omission is astronomical indeed, and the way the Establishment treats its authentic historians is shown by the following anecdote.

When Goodrich wrote Hellstorm he struggled to find a publisher in the US. So much so that, for a time, he was homeless (writers generally live from day to day, and a blow like not finding a publisher for the latest work can be fatal). Tom asked me not to reveal it as long as he lived.

But last year our friend passed away.

Categories
Kali Yuga Welfare of animals

Zero

Lebenskraft ! (9)

Munich

2nd May

What I said about Salzburg can also be applied to Munich. This city grew up around a Benedictine monastery. Even the very young Hitler entertained the idea of joining the Benedictines! In fact, Munich means the house or home of the monks.

What I said about nuking the cathedrals and every monument of the Abrahamic religions is no joke. Since what is causing the darkest hour of the West is that the Semitic collective unconscious, and not the Aryan collective unconscious, has taken over our souls, to save us it will be necessary to implement something similar to what Nietzsche called ‘law against Christianity’.

Nietzsche wrote in the 19th century. In our century this law would have to be expanded to consider the whole liberal range, even Wokism, as atheistic hyper-Christianity. And atheists who preach equality will deserve the same treatment as the new Catholic pontiff deserves: to throw them in ropes into the Danube. But back to Munich.

The capital of Bavaria became a kingdom whose monarchy ended in the First World War. Although Hitler loved Munich, there is no monument here honouring the memory of the Man who tried to transvalue Christian values to pre-Christian values.

By bus I passed a canal where they hired a Venetian gondolier for tourists to cross. It is an expensive area much desired by those who can afford it. Munich is the most expensive city in Germany, and it is a university city. A small flat costs €1900 plus expenses such as heating. Although the salary in Germany is €4,000, the government takes a lot from its citizens for social security.

The 1972 Olympics were designed to contrast with the 1936 Olympics: with pastel colours and undulating shapes that contrasted sharply with the red-black-white and geometric shapes of the Third Reich. It was cool that Arab ‘terrorists’ spoiled the party! The police uniforms themselves changed to show the world a feminised face, like a new anti-militarist Germany.

All the Germans I saw looked like cattle of the elites. Their birth rate is very low because their new religion, in the ‘Empire of yin’ imposed on them, is ethnosuicide. The Munich people, unlike Himmler, drink a lot of beer. This is a point I would like to go into a little more in-depth so that the visitor can understand the POV of this site.

You cannot ask people to suddenly abandon their beliefs. That’s why Hitler opted for a gradual erosion of Christianity by educating the youth in the new National Socialist religion. Nor could the masses of Germans be asked to give up their alcoholic habits. But in the upper echelons of power things had to be different: a priesthood of holy words. On a popular level, I am reminded of a scene in Game of Thrones in which the High Sparrow tells Cersei that if he didn’t accept the cup of wine the queen offered him, it wasn’t because he was puritanical, but simply because he didn’t like the taste of wine. Something similar could be said of Himmler, unlike the mass of Germans who lived under the Reich (I too cannot tolerate the taste of beer).

And something similar can be said of Hitler. White nationalists don’t understand NS because it is something that comes straight from what Jung called the Self. If Hitler became a vegetarian it was for the same reasons that Himmler didn’t drink beer: the call of the core of our Being leads psychogenically emergent men not to be involved in the torment of animals. That will never be understood by the American racial right since its members haven’t been ‘touched by the Self’ so to speak.

Unlike Hitler, a true priest of holy words, contemporary Münchner love ham hock with potatoes, ribs and sausages, including white sausage at what they call second breakfast. And unlike Himmler, as I said, they drink a lot of beer. Martin Kerr saw this very clearly when he included this cartoon in his article ‘The National Socialist Lifestyle’:

Here is a picture I took of the Münchner:

In that market there are stalls with sausages, including horse meat. Compare all this Neanderthalism with Hitler’s plan as recorded by Goebbels: if he won the war, the Führer would close down the slaughterhouses. On this point only Savitri Devi understood National Socialism!

Almost every building in Munich was destroyed by bombing. On Maximilian Street, where people like the pot-bellied man in the cartoon above have luxury boutiques, I saw this aberration:

Nearby is the church most beloved by the Münchner. Instead of sacrificing themselves for National Socialism like the soldier in the cartoon above, the lifestyle of these degenerates is abject consumerism. No wonder that in such a city the sin against the Holy Ghost is tolerated, like this thing I saw:

It hurts that, not far from this place, Richard Wagner used to be played.

It is worth saying that, sometime later, I crossed the street of Hitler’s failed putsch who, when he finally took power, didn’t move the NS offices from Munich to Berlin because the Führer loved this city so much. Indeed, Munich had been the birthplace of National Socialism…

Categories
Kali Yuga Kalki

Zero

Lebenskraft ! (2)

Dresden
25 April

One would think that, if political correctness reigns in Berlin, at least in Dresden, the archetypal object of the fury of the Hellstorm Holocaust where whole families of Germans were incinerated, the locals would be more conscious. But in my brief stay in the city the diametrically opposite was true…

Arriving in the former capital of Saxony, on the banks of the Elbe River, the capital of Germanic culture and considered the most beautiful city in eastern Germany, the bells of the huge Lutheran church, now completely rebuilt, were ringing. I was annoyed that the Germans had rebuilt the Frauenkirche between 1994 and 2005 because it was precisely this reforming monk, Luther, who had introduced the Old Testament into the Aryan collective unconscious.

What struck me about the central square was a great secular contrast to the church of the former Augustinian monk: the Semper Opera House, partially destroyed in 1945 until it was painstakingly rebuilt in 1986. (Before its destruction, some of Germany’s greatest operas had been performed here, three by Richard Wagner and most of Richard Strauss.) I was struck by the bronze statue above the portico depicting Dionysus and Ariadne on a chariot of panthers—pre-Christian culture! Next to the entrance we can make out the sculptures of Goethe and Schiller in this photo I took:

There were several tours in the central square. The one I followed was led by a native German with a Scandinavian name, Björn, who spoke good Spanish, having married a Galician. As I recall, we started from the equestrian sculpture in the centre of the square.

I said above that the opposite of what I expected happened to me, in the sense that one would expect a resident of Dresden to have, at least, some awareness of Allied evil during the Hellstorm fire.

When, together with the tour group, I brought up the recent Israeli bombing of Gaza and compared it to Dresden in 1945, Björn blushed greatly! So much so that he felt compelled to launch into a little pious speech pointing out that, after the Holocaust, the German government was very sensitive about the Jewish issue. His behaviour reminded me of those who equate criticism of Israel with anti-Semitism. Björn merely repeated the talking points of his country’s political correctness instead of answering what I said: that in 1945 Dresden was left as Gaza was recently (actually much worse, given the number of German civilians holocausted by the bombings).

It is worth analysing why Björn got so freaked out by such a seemingly innocent remark.

In my recent essay on Augustine, Goethe and others, I talked about how Augustine’s devouring mother instilled in her adolescent son an evil introject that made him feel tremendously guilty about his nascent erotic impulses. Well, well… An evil introject can also be instilled by the persistent propaganda of a powerful state, especially if the propaganda is repeated over several generations. For the Greeks and Romans sexuality wasn’t sinful. That changed after the reigns of Constantine and the Christian emperors. Remember Nietzsche, Christianity gave Eros poison to drink; he did not die but degenerated into vice.

Similarly, for eighty years Western governments and the Jewish media apparatus (including Hollywood) have made us see the Third Reich as the new Satan, and almost all of us in the West internalised the propaganda, to some extent, at some point in our lives. But in Germany the hammering of such propaganda has been as insidious as Monica’s constant haranguing of young Augustine to become a champion of Constantine’s religion. In my essay I called this an ‘ogre of the superego’.

Our guide in Dresden, Björn, also suffers from an ogre of the superego, which in Christendom is equivalent to Augustine’s ogre of the superego about Eros. And yet Björn told us a story of incredible betrayal by the German government: the relatively recent theft from a museum we visited of pieces worth millions of euros. The sandniggers who stole them will soon go free—and rich! (they only returned half of what they stole).

This anecdote that the poor devil Björn told us, his Aryan pride crushed by an ogre of the superego, reflects the anti-Nazi Germany of our times: we must love our enemies and pray for those who persecute us. Good neochristians! The unconscious ogre that inhabits Björn was also noted in the fact that some sources on the attack on Dresden put the death toll between three and four hundred thousand. Björn, an ethnic German living in the city, said that only 25,000 had died and that the rest was ‘Nazi propaganda’.

At the end of his tour of Dresden’s now reconstructed buildings, I asked Björn what had haunted me in Berlin: If there is an equivalent of pubs in Germany, where I could approach perfect strangers in Dresden—native Germans—to talk to them about important matters. His answer, or rather non-answer, surprised me a lot!

He simply told me that he had to give another tour and that he had no more time. But answering such a simple question—remember what the woman in the hotel lobby in Berlin told me—wouldn’t have taken more than a few seconds. So I was left wanting to talk to Aryan men in the second German city I visited after an answer that wasn’t an answer at all.

In a sense I understand Björn. One can imagine asking a question about the Gulag to a Russian tour guide in Brezhnev’s time. But in his case I got the strong impression that Björn had internalised with extraordinary ferocity the narrative the government tells its citizens (as Augustine fiercely internalised the anti-erotic injunctions of his ultra-Christian mother).

After Björn said goodbye it was a little chilly and I took refuge in a café with large shop windows to watch the passers-by. Although many were tourists visiting Dresden, I guess there were also Germans among them. It seemed to me that these white people were shabby, like in spaghetti westerns where you don’t get good-looking actors like Hollywood actors. They were very different from the 1930s Berlin video I linked in my previous post, and I was also surprised to see that many of them were walking around eating ice cream. For about an hour I watched them from the vantage point of my cafe with the large display cases (I wasn’t wearing a jacket for the cold because the weather in Berlin had been warmer).

The saddest thing of all is that, to save the Aryan from his current psychosis—being utterly possessed by the Jewish collective unconscious—it will be necessary for someone like Kalki to destroy the rebuilt Frauenkirche again…

Categories
Berlin Kali Yuga Miscegenation

Zero

Lebenskraft ! (1)

So disturbing was what I saw in Europe on my recent trip that I will radicalise my already radical POV even more. On 22 April I left for Germany and on 4 May I returned to my home country. The cities I visited were:

  • Berlin
  • Dresden
  • Prague
  • Bratislava
  • Budapest
  • Vienna
  • Hallstatt
  • Salzburg
  • Munich
  • Dachau and
  • Frankfurt

I chose some beautiful towns and the former imperial cities, when the Aryan had not lost his manhood.
 

Berlin

When I arrived at my hotel in Berlin at night, I was ecstatic with soliloquies as if I were in a mythical city: the city that had been Hitler’s seat of power, that was to rule Europe in a new Germania. But already from the outskirts of my hotel, as I looked for a restaurant to dine in, I was greatly surprised by the masses of non-whites. In fact, I was so disappointed by this area that I locked myself in the hotel from 9 pm onwards and didn’t want to go out.

The next day the first thing I visited was the Berlin Wall and the Brandenburg Gate. All the photos in this series were taken with my mobile phone. The following picture could have been taken in Berlin in which Hitler would have been victorious, but I had to turn the camera up so that the non-whites wouldn’t dirty the image.

Travelling by bus, I passed the avenues where the offices of the Third Reich had been: the Parliament and the Reichstag. Then I would visit Potsdamer Platz, Alexanderplatz and Kurfusterdamn Avenue: all crowded with non-whites, though it was impossible to tell who were residents and who were tourists. Also, from the bus, I saw the cement-block sculpture space considered a memorial to the Jewish holocaust—but of the Hellstorm Holocaust, committed on the German people, there is absolutely nothing! Also inside the bus I saw the headquarters of the anti-white government that currently rules the brainwashed Germans. (If I moved to Berlin, they would soon trace my IP and break down the door of my house to arrest me, as the thoughtpolice did to our friend Tyrone Joseph Walsh in London.)

It is worth noting that, of the Third Reich offices, because of the Allied bombing only the Luftwaffe building remained (which after the war the new regime converted into the offices of the treasury to collect taxes). You can still see corners of other buildings bearing the scars of the virulent battle of Berlin in 1945, when the Red Army arrived:

Or this close-up:

In a capital that aspired to be Judenfrei in the last century, I couldn’t resist visiting the Jewish Quarter. It was there that I began to realise that anti-Nazi propaganda is still running amok eighty years after 1945, and will apparently continue until the last Aryan is extinct (that seems to be the Zeitgeist in Germany today). Indeed, this trip to continental Europe wasn’t a journey of pleasure but a journey of sorrow. My shock is appreciated by the sight of a healthy Berlin in this remastered video from the 1930s. In the Jewish Quarter I saw a sculpture depicting several women who were deported during the Third Reich.

What’s worse: Berlin started the practice of putting golden plaques in the concrete of the streets near the houses of Jews deported to extermination camps. The practice then spread to other countries, always commemorating the names of the disappeared Jews. Here we see some of them under my feet:

It seems as if the central commandment in 21st century Germany is something like ‘You shall love your fellow Jew and the sandniggers who have invaded your Fatherland, but never your own kind’. Look for example at this synagogue whose photo I took and compare it with the times when Berlin’s synagogues were destroyed.

When I was at the famous square not far from the Lutheran Cathedral, where places to eat both inside restaurants and outdoors swarm, I searched in vain for something similar to pubs to talk to perfect strangers and educate them. It was only in the evening that a German woman in the hotel lobby explained to me that Germany is not like England: you need to belong to a club to approach strangers. My very strong desire to talk to Aryan males and reveal that their government has been lying to them by omission (the Hellstorm Holocaust) was frustrated, and it was in that square that I photographed this aberration:

I must say that, unlike the white nationalists, I don’t just blame the Jews. Before my flight to Europe I spent a night at the Hilton in Mexico City airport. It was there that I learned about the death of Pope Francis I. On TV I saw a commentator speaking in Spanish, who confessed that what he liked most about his pontificate was that Francis I had promoted open doors to mass migration in Italy.

That is worse than the Jewish-controlled media because the Vatican is a Western institution. The betrayal goes centuries before Vatican II (think of the continent-wide mixed marriages that a pope sanctioned from the 1530s for the Iberian-conquered New World). That was a preamble to what we now see all over Europe, and the more ‘white nationalists’ stubbornly refuse to see something so obvious, the more difficult it will be to rework a salvific NS ideology that differs from 20th century NS in its full awareness of the Christian Question (CQ).

Back at the hotel, around 3 am, I took a diazepam pill! It had been about two decades since I had taken one of those tablets to help me sleep. My experience in Berlin—I had seen some mixed couples in the Führer’s former capital—had left me shaken and I woke up at about that time.

So disheartening was my experience that, when I was in the vicinity of the great Lutheran cathedral, I didn’t even feel like going into the museums. And yet my father had bequeathed us dozens of large illustrated books on the great European painters, which I had known since I was a child. Remember what I said about Tyrone in my essay on St Augustine and other influential writers, who refused to accompany me to Shakespeare’s Globe for the same reasons.

What is the point of high culture if the race that created that art is in a terminal phase, a phase of zero Lebenskraft or ethnosuicidal nihilism? And the same thing happened to me when, travelling on the bus, I spotted the Berlin Philharmonic. I didn’t feel like visiting it, even though a few LPs still survive from the large number of classical records my father had, some recorded by the Berlin Philharmonic (incidentally, Karajan was my favourite conductor).

Categories
Free speech / association Videos

Germany

Like the British and the French, the German government is bent on replacing Aryans with Orcs. To do so it has to suppress freedom of expression in an overwhelming manner, as even the media controlled by Jewry is beginning to recognise (see e.g., the 60 Minutes program, ‘Policing the internet in Germany’). It’s funny to compare this with Vance’s recent speech in Munich!

Categories
Correspondence Kali Yuga

Aristocracy

‘No country survives the death of their aristocracy’, they say. I could expand it by saying, the West won’t survive the death of Germany, which was the aristocracy of the Aryan—courtesy of the Allies and their neochristian denazification project (see today’s previous post about this word).

By the way, except for the first one, I have replaced the other ‘kind comments from visitors to this site’ with quotable quotes from Uncle Adolf. It will be better to collect them all in a single entry, as I have collected them from 2010 to date.

Categories
Evil Michael O'Meara

America’s

unpardonable crime

Or:

In committing the matricide of Europe
Americans heaped-up their own funeral pyre

 

On June 5, 2012 I reposted this article, originally posted on Counter-Currents, that is worth reposting in 2025 because I just realised that it was lost when I migrated it from WordPress, and although I just restored it, I just saw on my stats page that one visitor didn’t manage to see it today.

In 2012 I still believed it was possible to save the US, and even considered myself a radical white nationalist. It’s been a dozen years since we reposted it from C-C, and in the comments section of the old incarnation of this site, Sebastian Ronin commented:

As eloquent and penetrating as O’Meara can be, even he is blind to the blind spot, re “At that moment, white Americans will be called on, as New World Europeans.”

Amerika is a racial and cultural abortion. The scalpel of pop culture has performed a lobotomy on racial memory, with the full and eager endorsement of the patient. There can be no “European Amerikans” nor “New World Europeans.”

It’s amazing how I’ve changed since 2012. I now see NS and WN as very different animals. Anyway, Michael O’Meara, the best author C-C had in the past, wrote:
 

______ 卐 ______

 
In the Summer of 1942—while the Germans were at the peak of their powers, totally unaware of the approaching fire storm that would turn their native land into an inferno—the philosopher Martin Heidegger wrote (for a forth-coming lecture course at Freiberg) the following lines, which I take from the English translation known as Hölderlin’s Hymn “The Ister”:[1]

“The Anglo-Saxon world of Americanism”—Heidegger noted in an aside to his nationalist/ontological examination of his beloved Hölderlin—“has resolved to annihilate Europe, that is, the homeland, and that means: [it has resolved to annihilate] the commencement of the Western world.”

In annihilating the commencement (the origins or breakout of European being)—and thus in annihilating the people whose blood flowed in American veins—New World Europeans, unknowingly, destroyed the essence of their own being—by disowning their origins—denigrating the source of their life-form, denying themselves, thus, the possibility of a future.

“Whatever has commencement is indestructible.”

Americans destined their self-destruction by warring on their commencement—by severing the root of their being.

But Europe—this unique synergy of blood and spirit—cannot be killed, for her essence, Heidegger tells us, is the “commencement”—the original—the enowning—the perpetual grounding and re-asserting of being.

Europe thus always inevitably rises again and again—like she and her bull from under the waters, which sweep over her, as she undauntedly plunges into what is coming.

Her last stand is consequently always her first stand—another commencement—as she advances to her origins—enowning the uncorrupted being of her beginning—as she authenticates herself in the fullness of a future which enables her to begin over and over.

______ 卐 ______

 
The opposite holds as well.

America’s annihilation of her commencement revealed her own inherent lack of commencement.

From the start, her project was to reject her European origins—to disown the being that made her who she was—as her Low Church settlers pursued the metaphor of Two Worlds, Old and New.

For Heidegger, America’s “entry into this planetary war is not [her] entry into history; rather, it is already, the ultimate American act of American ahistoricality and self-devastation.”

For having emerged, immaculately conceived, from the jeremiad of her Puritan Errand, America defined herself in rejection of her past, in rejection of her origins, in rejection of her most fundamental ontological ground—as she looked westward, toward the evening sun and the ever-expanding frontier of her rootless, fleeting future, mythically legitimated in the name of an “American Dream” conjured up from the Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism.

Americans, the preeminent rational, rootless, uniform homo oeconomics, never bothered looking ahead because they never looked back. Past and future, root and branch—all pulled up and cut down.

No memory, no past, no meaning.

In the name of progress—which Friedrick Engels imagined as a “cruel chariot riding over mounds of broken bodies”—American being is dissolved in her hurly-burly advance toward the blackening abyss.

Yet however it is spun, it was from Europe’s womb that Americans entered the world and only in affirming the European being of their Motherland and Fatherhood was there the possibility of taking root in their “New” World—without succumbing to the barbarians and fellaheen outside the Mother-soil and Father-Culture.

Instead, America’s founders set out to reject their mother. They called her Egyptian or Babylonian—and took their identity—as the “elect,” the “chosen,” the “light to nations”—from the desert nomads of the Old Testament—alien to the great forests of our Northern lands—envious of our blue-eye, fair-hair girls—repelled by the great-vaulted heights of our Gothic Cathedrals.

The abandonment of their original and only being set Americans up as the perpetual fixers of world-improvement—ideological champions of consummate meaninglessness—nihilism’s first great “nation”.

______ 卐 ______

 
While Heidegger was preparing his lecture, tens of thousands of tanks, trucks, and artillery pieces started making their way from Detroit to Murmansk, and then to the Germans’ Eastern front.

A short time later, the fires began to fall from the sky—the fires bearing the curse of Cromwell and the scorched-earth convictions of Sherman—the fires that turned German families into cinders, along with their great churches, their palatial museums, their densely packed, sparkling-clean working-class quarters, their ancient libraries and cutting-edge laboratories.

The forest that took a thousand years to become itself perishes in a night of phosphorous flames.

It would be a long time—it hasn’t come yet—before the Germans—the People of the Center—the center of Europe’s being—rise again from the rubble, this time more spiritual than material.

______ 卐 ______

 
Heidegger could know little of the apocalyptic storm that was about to destroy his Europe.

But did he at least suspect that the Führer had blundered Germany into a war she could not win? That not just Germany, but the Europe opposing the Anglo-American forces of Mammon would also be destroyed?
 

______ 卐 ______

 
“The concealed spirit of the commencement in the West will not even have the look of contempt for this trial of self-devastation without commencement, but will await its stellar hour from out of the releasement and tranquility that belong to the commencement.”

An awakened, recommencing Europe promises, thus, to repudiate America’s betrayal of herself—America, this foolish European idea steeped in Enlightenment hubris, which is to be forgotten (as a family skeleton), once Europe reasserts herself [emphasis added by Ed.].

In 1942, though, Heidegger did not know that Europeans, even Germans, would soon betray themselves to the Americans, as the Churchills, Adenauers, Blums—Europe’s lickspittle—rose to the top of the postwar Yankee pyramid designed to crush every idea of nation, culture, and destiny.

That’s Europe’s tragedy.
 

______ 卐 ______

 
Once Europe awakes—it will one day—she will re-affirm and re-assert herself—no longer distracted by America’s glitter and tinsel, no longer intimidated by her hydrogen bomb and guided missiles—seeing clearly, at last, that this entertainment worthy of Hollywood conceals an immense emptiness—her endless exercises in consummate meaninglessness.

Incapable therefore of beginning again, having denied herself a commencement, the bad idea that America has become is likely, in the coming age of fire and steel, to disintegrate into her disparate parts.

At that moment, white Americans will be called on, as New World Europeans, to assert their “right” to a homeland in North America—so that there, they will have a place at last to be who they are.

If they should succeed in this seemingly unrealizable fortune, they will found the American nation(s) for the first time—not as the universal simulacrum Masons and deists concocted in 1776—but as the blood-pulse of Europe’s American destiny.

“We only half-think what is historical in history, that is, we do not think it at all, if we calculate history and its magnitude in terms of the length… of what has been, rather than awaiting that which is coming and futural.”

Commencement, as such, is “that which is coming and futural”—that which is the “historical in history”—that which goes very far back and is carried forward into every distant, unfolding future—like Pickett’s failed infantry charge at Gettysburg that Faulkner tells us is to be tried again and again until it succeeds.
 

______ 卐 ______

 
“We stand at the beginning of historicality proper, that is, of action in the realm of the essential, only when we are able to wait for what is to be destined of one’s own.”

“One’s own”—this assertion of ourselves—Heidegger contends, will only come if we defy conformity, convention, and unnatural conditioning to realize the European being, whose destiny is ours alone.

At that moment, if we should succeed in standing upright, in the way our ancestors did, we will reach ahead and beyond to what is begun through every futuristic affirmation of who we European-Americans are.

This reaching, though, will be no “actionless or thoughtless letting things come and go… [but] a standing that has already leapt ahead, a standing within what is indestructible (to whose neighborhood desolation belongs, like a valley to a mountain).”

For desolation there will be—in this struggle awaiting our kind—in this destined future defiantly holding out a greatness that does not break as it bends in the storm—a greatness certain to come with the founding of a European nation in North America—a greatness I often fear that we no longer have in ourselves and that needs thus to be evoked in the fiery warrior rites that once commemorated the ancient Aryan sky gods, however far away or fictitious they have become.

—Winter 2010

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[1] Martin Heidegger, Hölderlin’s Hymn ‘The Ister’, trans W. McNeill and J. Davis (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996), p. 54ff.

Categories
Eduardo Velasco Philosophy of history

Heartland, 8

Editor’s note: I will not translate the entire book on Heartland that Eduardo Velasco published on the now defunct Evropa Soberana site in Spanish (here, here and here). I limit myself to translating only a few paragraphs from the final section:

 

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Johann Gottlieb Fichte’s The Closed Commercial State (1800) is a tedious book, utopian and pedantic in its rationalism, but it is worth our attention. On the one hand, it had a certain influence on the development of what Spengler would call ‘Prussian socialism’ or ‘Prussianism’, and on the other, it defends the exact opposite thesis to that of globalisation, i.e. that a country should seek autarchy to extricate itself from the network of international trade, becoming, so to speak, an endorheic state of exclusively internal (commercial, economic) flow. Thinkers of all political persuasions have seen interesting things in Fichte’s work, liberals as well as socialists, communists, anarchists, fascists and Nazis[1] so it is not a work to be dismissed lightly.

We return, then, to Prussia, the land that before the Second World War was home, according to Mackinder, to ‘one of the most virile races of mankind’, a race that was to suffer between 1944 and 1946 an ethnic cleansing of extreme brutality. While England was ruled by a cosmopolitan aristocracy of shipping, trade, commerce and banking speculation, Prussia was ruled by a provincial, military, land and productivity aristocracy. Fichte sent a copy of The Closed Commercial State (ECC) to Frederick William III, supposedly to influence his economic policy.

Fichte was inspired by the peasant society of the Germanic world and the economic organisation of the old German cities. It is impossible not to see in his work affinities with Lycurgus, Plato and Thomas More. The German philosopher’s economic ideal was a completely self-sufficient state, with ‘nothing to demand from its neighbours and nothing to cede to them’. Fichte says that in such a state, ‘the government does not aim at acquiring commercial predominance, which is a dangerous tendency, but at making the nation completely independent and autonomous. If a single nation has achieved supremacy in commerce, its victims must use every possible means to attenuate this supremacy and restore the balance’: a clear reference to the power of Great Britain.

The danger of the commercial supremacy of a single nation was that the international trade handled by that nation took over all the goods of a rival state until that state had only one commodity left to sell: itself. In this way, ‘the state sells itself, sells its independence, collects a permanent subsidy thus becoming the province of another state and a means to any of its objectives’.

In this regard, it is worth remembering that, although autarchy is today surrounded by taboos, in classical Greece it was the ideal to which people aspired, even if it was not always completely attainable. Aristotle, in his Politics, considered autarchy to be the ideal situation for a state. Hesiod went further and proposed autarchy for each family household. Tellurian Sparta, the most respected state in classical Greece, was a closed, autarchic economy thanks to its conquest of fertile Messenia. Thalassic Athens, by contrast, was heavily urbanised and had to rely on grain markets such as Egypt and southern Ukraine.

Fichte divided society into three strata: producers, merchants and craftsmen. Then came the military, teachers and statesmen. Of all these castes, the most dangerous for Fichte was the merchants since, through their possession of commodities and especially money, they tended to escape the authority of the state and ended up imposing their own rules.

The philosopher thought that Europe had a great commercial advantage over the other continents, tending to take over their labour power and goods. He considered that this state of affairs could not be perpetuated forever and that one day, a large state would have to leave the ‘European commercial society’ to form its own closed productive circuit.

What Fichte was criticising in these reflections was the explosion of Europe, and he advocated an implosion: Europe could not be eternally dependent on overseas ‘backyards’ in the Third World and must one day be able to stand on its own feet. Moreover, a planned economy cannot be planned, nor can a country be like a self-balancing and autonomous microsystem, if it depends on foreign goods and production, the supply, processing and transport of which it does not control, and is thus at the mercy of the whims of the markets: price fluctuations, trade embargoes, competition with the domestic product, etc. Such economic phenomena will tend to turn the country that is subject to them into a mere province in the network of international trade, tending to specialise in one economic sector rather than hosting all of them.

In the 1930s, autarky seemed to be gaining the upper hand over international trade. Three distinctly autarkic geopolitical blocs emerged: the European Axis (Germany, Italy and allied nations), the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere (the vast conquests of the Japanese Empire from Manchuria to Indochina) and the Soviet Union.

With Europe, Asia and the Heartland closed to the US export market (except, in the case of the USSR, the substantial military, economic and oil aid it received from the US and the UK), all that remained on the planet was the British Empire and the impoverished colonial Third World: a de facto and imposed US autarchy. In The Tragedy of American Diplomacy (1959), William Appleman argued that the US ruling oligarchy went to war against Germany and Japan to protect global export markets from the effects of autarky. The dynamics of the autarkic blocs were neutralised with the establishment of the Bretton Woods system (1944), with its three pillars: the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the dollar as the reserve currency of international trade. The only bloc that was spared to some extent was the USSR, which formed the economic organisation COMECON, formed in 1949, the same year that NATO was founded.

The COMECON bloc, of which the Warsaw Pact was to be the military arm. Red: Member states. Yellow: observer states. Pink: belonged to the organisation but did not participate. (Editor's Note: Compare it with BRICS).

Fichte—who believed that ‘in the beginning was action’ and that property emanates from labour and productive activity, that is, that the earth belongs to whoever pours his blood and sweat upon it—did not recognise the value of money, but the value of the commodities that such money is capable of buying. For him, ‘The total mass of money represents and is worth as much as the total mass of commodities’. No matter how much money is in circulation or is created out of thin air in the form of credit, its purchasing power will always be limited by the actual goods and services that can be bought.

Wealth does not depend on how much money one has, but on how large a fraction of the total existing money one possesses. It is clear that when there is, as today, much more money in circulation (especially electronic money and interest-debt-money) than real commodities, the excess capital floating in ‘the markets’ is devoted to inflating bubbles, opening new artificial markets (for example, by turning the emotions of the individual and human nature itself into a business), manipulating needs and demand with aggressive advertising and speculating to justify its existence. Not to mention that every time the money supply is increased, the creators of money (or rather, counterfeiters of money) increase the proportion of capital they own out of the total money supply, using this capital as if it were a commodity in itself. But ‘In the simple expression “to realise something in money”, the whole falsity of the system is already contained. Nothing can be realised in money because money itself is nothing real. The commodity is the real reality.’

To bring about the closure of the commercial state, Fichte advocated the ‘abolition of the world currency’ which he identifies with gold and silver (Editors’ Note: after the collapse of the British Empire, nowadays the dollar is still the reserve currency of international trade) and the ‘introduction of a national currency’. It is difficult not to see here the influence of Sparta, which forbade the possession of gold and silver by creating a new currency which was not accepted outside the territory of the Lacedaemonian state: rough iron bars, so that they could not be manipulated or moulded, were dipped in vinegar while still red-hot; the idea was to armour against the fluctuating and shifting influence of foreign trade.

In this situation, there is no longer any exchange with foreign states, except for one-off trade pacts based on direct barter, without monetary intermediaries. This is what Germany was doing before World War II in Eastern Europe and South America: a barter trade that did not need to use international currencies in the hands of its enemies. In contrast, initiatives for a world currency have always come from globalist individuals or entities, for example, the Rothschild family. (In this video, Mr. Evelyn de Rothschild proposes an ‘international currency’ to avoid conflict. What he does not say is who will have the power to issue such a currency—presumably himself, for example.)

Another of Fichte’s contributions to geopolitics is his idea that states should not overstep their ‘natural frontiers’, understood as those within which a state can achieve self-sufficiency. Towards the end of his writing, Fichte leaves us with a very politically incorrect reflection:

It is evident that a nation so closed, whose members live only with themselves and very few with foreigners; a nation which preserves by those measures its particular way of life, its institutions and customs; a nation which deeply loves its Fatherland and everything national, very soon a high degree of national honour and a very peculiar national character will emerge. It will become another nation, a completely new nation. That introduction of the national currency is its true creation…

 

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The power of High Finance has decided to base itself in the United Kingdom, North America and to a lesser extent the rest of Western Europe because among other things there is an excellent quality manpower there.

The American troops deployed in Iraq and Afghanistan have a fabulous genetic heritage, perfectly comparable to the Indo-European hordes of antiquity. Even in the faces of many white American convicts, we can discern a potential crusader knight, Viking, sailor, soldier, hard-nosed farmer or hard-headed labourer. These are people gone astray, uprooted by crossing the Atlantic, without the moral and spiritual foundations that only deep Asia, along with inspiring European history—based on heroic examples, war, art, culture, work, beauty and love—can provide.

What is currently being exported from Hollywood and MTV is not American culture, as the saying goes. ‘American culture’ is the love of family and country, the right to defend them with arms, civic sovereignty, religion, liberty and independence: the values of a people whose land was not given to them by a feudal lord, but won by blood and sweat. Neither Thomas Jefferson nor George Washington has anything to do with the toxic rubbish propagated from the meccas of the Yankee subculture, and the sphere of influence of the Pentagon and Wall Street is not an ‘American empire’ any more than the Vatican is the Roman Empire and the City of London is the British Empire.

We know—because we are not deluded or cultural Judeo-Christians, nor do we believe in globalisation or the religion of political correctness—what happens in countries that forget the fundamental laws of reproduction and race improvement: they become vulgarised, corrupt, unserious, undisciplined, disorganised, weakened and Third Worldised. The darkening of the race goes hand in hand with the darkening of the mind and spirit. Parasitic weeds take over the garden and eventually choke out the noblest and most productive trees and plants…

Deliberate and systematic ignorance of human reproduction, of the importance of race and genetics in geopolitics will only have the effect that the ‘myth of blood’ will resurface with greater force and violence. Globalisation pretends to make us believe that we are all equal while at the same time homogenising us racially, a clear proof that it does not consider us all equal. Genetic and anthropological-physical studies, i.e. recognising the difference between people, are therefore an anti-globalisation vector.
 
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[1] Dr. Carl Schmidt, associated with the power groups of Deutsche Bank, IG Farben and Siemens, defended the idea of a Closed Commercial State in Europe led by Germany.

Categories
Evil Summer, 1945 (book) Thomas Goodrich

1945 (XIII)

Although forced to the shadows by growing public opprobrium, the “brutal and vicious” Morgenthau Plan for Germany was never actually abandoned by Franklin Roosevelt. Indeed, until his death in April, 1945, the American president had secretly favored the “Carthaginian” approach for the conquered Reich. When Roosevelt’s successor, Harry Truman, met with Soviet strongman, Josef Stalin, and the new British prime minister, Clement Attlee, outside of Berlin at Potsdam in the summer, 1945, most of the teeth in Morgenthau’s murderous scheme remained on the table. With the signature of the “Big Three,” the plan went into effect.

“It is not the intention of the Allies,” argued the joint declaration, “to destroy or enslave the German people.” Virtually word for word, a similar declaration was directed at Japan, then on the verge of total collapse. Despite such solemn pronouncements meant to mollify a watching world, it soon became abundantly clear, first to the Germans, then to the Japanese, that the victors came not as peace­minded “liberators,” as propagandists were wont to declare, but as conquerors fully as ruthless, vengeful and greedy as any who ever won a war.

The plundering of Germany by the Soviet Union first began when the Red Army penetrated East Prussia in late 1944. With war’s end the following year, Stalin’s methodical looting in the Russian Occupation Zone now became prodigious. Steel mills, grain mills, lumber mills, sugar and oil refineries, chemical plants, optical works, shoe factories, and other heavy industries were taken apart down to the last nut and bolt and sent east to the Soviet Union where they were reassembled. Those factories allowed to remain in Germany were to operate solely for the benefit of Moscow.

Electric and steam locomotives, their rolling stock, and even the tracks they ran on were likewise sent east. While the Soviet government pillaged on a massive scale, the common Red soldier was even more meticulous.

“The Russians systematically cleared out everything, that was for them of value, such as all sewing machines, pianos, grand-pianos, baths, water taps, electric plants, beds, mattresses, carpets, etc.,” itemized one woman from eastern Germany. “They destroyed what they could not take away… Not in a single village did one see a cow, a horse or a pig… The Russians had taken everything away to the east, or used it up.”

Like millions of other refugees, Regina Shelton managed her way home at the end of the war. Also like millions of other refugees, the woman was warned of the utter devastation she would find in the wake of the Soviets.

Thus we expect the worst, but our idea of the worst has not prepared us sufficiently for reality. Shocked to the point of collapse, we survey a battlefield-heaps of refuse through which broken pieces of furniture rise like cliffs; stench gags us, almost driving us to retreat. Ragged remnants of clothes, crushed dishes, books, pictures torn from frames, —rubble in every room… Above all, the nauseating stench that emanates from the largest and totally wrecked living room! Spoiled contents oozes from splintered canning jars, garbage of indefinable origin is mixed with unmistakable human excrement, and dried stain of urine discolors crumpled paper and rags.

Americans were not far behind their communist counterparts and what was not wantonly destroyed, was pilfered as “souvenirs.”

“We ‘liberated’ German property,” winked one GI. “The Russians simply stole it.”

Unlike its Soviet ally which had been bled white by nearly thirty years of Marxism, the United States had no need for German plants and factories. The Reich’s hoard of treasure, however, was another matter. Billions of dollars in gold, silver and currency, as well as priceless paintings, sculptures and other art works were plucked from their hiding places in caves, tunnels and salt mines and shipped across the Atlantic. Additionally, and of far greater damage to Germany’s future, was the “mental dismantling” of the Reich. Tons of secret documents revealing Germany’s tremendous organizational talent in business and industry were simply stolen, not only by the Americans, but by the French and British. Hundreds of the greatest scientists in the world were likewise “encouraged” to immigrate by the victors. As one US Government agency quietly admitted, “Operation Paper-Clip” was the first time in history wherein conquerors had attempted to drain dry the creative power of an entire nation.

“The real gain in reparations of this war,” Life magazine openly confessed, was not in factories, treasure or artwork, but “in the German brains and in the German research results.”

While the Soviet Union came up short on German scientists and technicians simply because most had wisely fled and surrendered to the West, Russia suffered no shortage of slave labor. Added to the mil­ lions of native dissidents, repatriated refugees and Wehrmacht prisoners toiling in the gulags, were millions of German civilians snatched from the Reich. As was commonly the case, those who were destined to spend years or their entire lives in slavery were given mere minutes to make ready. In cities, towns and villages, posters suddenly appeared announcing that all able-bodied men and women were to assemble in their local square at a given time or face arrest and execution.

“The screaming, wailing and howling in the square will haunt me the rest of my life,” remembered one horrified female. “Mercilessly the women were herded together in rows of four. Mothers had to leave tiny children behind. I thanked God from the bottom of my heart that my boy had died in Berlin shortly after birth… The wretched victims [were] then set in motion to the crack of Russian whips.”

For those forced east on foot, the trek became little better than a death march. Thousands dropped dead in their tracks from hunger, thirst, disease, and abuse. “It took all of our remaining strength to stay in the middle of the extremely slow-moving herds being driven east,” said Wolfgang Kasak. “We kept hearing the submachine guns when­ ever a straggler was shot… I will never forget… the shooting of a 15-year old boy right before my very eyes. He simply couldn’t walk anymore, so a Russian soldier took potshots at him. The boy was still alive when some officer came over and fired his gun into the boy’s ear.”

“One young girl jumped from a bridge into the water, the guards shot wildly at her, and I saw her sink,” recalled Anna Schwartz. “A young man, who had heart-disease, jumped into the Vistula. He was also shot… Thirst was such a torture, and we were so tired.”

Those who traveled by rail to Siberia fared even worse. With standing room only, small, filthy freight cars were commonly crammed with over one hundred people each. After a suffocating trip of 20 or 30 days, with starvation, thirst, beatings, and rape every mile of the way, fully one third to one half of the passengers were dead when the trains reached their termini. And of those who stepped down, all, thought one viewer, more resembled “walking corpses” than living humans.

“Now the dying really began…,” as Anna Schwartz recollected.

The huts, in which we were quartered, were full of filth and vermin, swarms of bugs overwhelmed us, and we destroyed as much of this vermin as we could. We lay on bare boards so close together, that, if we wanted to turn round, we had to wake our neighbors to the right and left of us, in order that we all turned round at the same time. The sick people lay amongst us, groaning and in delirium… Typhoid and dysentery raged and very many died, but death meant rather release than terror to them. The dead were brought into a cellar, and when this was full up to the top, it was emptied. Meanwhile the rats had eaten from the corpses, and these very quickly decayed… Also the wolves satisfied their hunger.

While Anna’s camp worked on a railroad and was driven day-in, day-out “like a herd of draught animals,” and while others toiled in fields, factories, bogs, and lumber camps, thousands more were relegated to the mines.

“We sometimes had to remain as much as 16 hours down in the pit,” recounted Ilse Lau. “When we had finally finished our work by summoning up our last strength, we were not allowed to go up in the lift, but had to climb up the ladders (450 feet). We were often near to desperation. We were never able to sleep enough, and we were always hungry.”

At one large coal camp, fifteen to twenty-five people died every day. Each night the corpses were carried out and dumped without ceremony into a mass grave.

Despite the never-ending nightmare, Christians still gathered for a few minutes on each Sunday to renew their faith.

“Often a commissar came and shouted out: ‘That won’t help you!’” remembered Gertrude Schulz. But it did.

Just as faith in the Almighty was often the thin divide which separated those who lived from those who died, so too did simple acts of kindness offer strength and rays of hope in an otherwise crushing gloom. As Wolfgang Kasak and his comrades stood dying of thirst one day, a Russian woman appeared with buckets of water.

“The guards drove the woman away,” Kasak said. “But she kept on bringing water, bucket after bucket, to the places where no Russians were standing guard. I know now the Russian soldiers closed one eye and took a long time in following their orders to keep the woman from giving us something to drink.”

Siegfried Losch, a youth who had become a recruit, soldier, veteran, deserter, prisoner, and slave before he had seen his eighteenth year, was hard at work one Sunday morning when an old grandmother approached. Judging by her clothes, she was very poor. Judging by her limp she was crippled. Indeed, thought Losch, the old woman looked like the witch from Hansel and Gretl. But the grandmother’s face was different.

The face emanated… warmth as only a mother who has suffered much can give. Here was the true example of mother Russia: Having suffered under the Soviet regime, the war, having possibly lost one or more of her loved ones… She probably was walking toward her church. When she was near me, she stopped and gave me some small coins… Then she made a cross over me with tears in her eyes and walked on. I gave her a “spasibo” (thank you!) and continued my work. But for the rest of the day I was a different person, because somebody cared, somebody let her soul speak to me.

Precious as such miracles might be, they were but cruel reminders of a world that was no more. “We were eternally hungry,” recalled Erich Gerhardt. “Treatment by the Russian guards was almost always very bad. We were simply walking skeletons… From the first to the last day our life was a ceaseless suffering, a dying and lamentation. The Russian guards mercilessly pushed the very weakest people forward with their rifle-butts, when they could hardly move. When the guards used their rifle-butts, they made use of the words, ‘You lazy rascal.’ I was already so weak, that I wanted to be killed on the spot by the blows.”

“We were always hungry and cold, and covered with vermin,” echoed a fellow slave. “I used to pray to God to let me at least die in my native country.”

Cruelly, had this man’s prayers been answered and had he been allowed to return to Germany, the odds were good indeed that he would have died in his homeland… and sooner than he imagined. Unbeknownst to these wretched slaves dreaming of home, the situation in the former Reich differed little, if any, from that of Siberia. Indeed, in many cases, “life” in the defeated nation was vastly worse.

 
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Note of the Editor: Here you can request an item of the ‘Hellstorm Holocaust’ package (the biggest secret in modern history: the Allied genocide of Germans after 1945), and here you can order Tom Goodrich’s other books.

Categories
'Hitler' (book by Brendan Simms)

Hitler, 47

In late February 1924, Hitler was brought to stand trial before the Volksgericht in Munich in the old Infantry School on the Blutenburgstrasse. He was allowed to appear in a suit rather than prison clothes and sporting his Iron Cross. Security was strict, and the press interest, including from abroad, was intense. Hitler would no doubt have been pleased to know that ‘one heard particularly many English voices’. The Reich government had wanted the trial to be held in Leipzig, but the authorities in Munich were determined to keep it local, almost certainly because they feared what might otherwise emerge about their complicity in the various plots. Berlin gave way in the context of a broader rapprochement with Bavaria. In mid February 1924, about a week before the trial began, the Bavarian Reichswehr submitted once again to command from Berlin, thus reversing Kahr and Lossow’s position in November 1923; Kahr resigned.

Hitler famously used the courtroom as a platform from which to expound his world view… The trial lasted just over a month, from 26 February to 27 March 1924… He did not deny the substance of the charges, but argued that he had acted at all times in the greater interest of Germany… Sometimes Kahr appeared so overwhelmed that his voice dropped to a whisper as the courtroom audience strained to hear him. The rampant Hitler, by contrast, was repeatedly told to lower his voice by the trial judge.

Hitler’s final speech was a triumphant reiteration of his beliefs and sense of mission. If he was a traitor, then so were Bismarck, Atatürk and Mussolini, whose treason had been ratified by success. Hitler decried that there was ‘self­ determination for every Negro tribe’, but that ‘Germany did not belong to the Negro tribes but stood under them’. The root of the German predicament, he continued, lay in Germany’s exposed geopolitical position in Europe. ‘The German people’, Hitler argued, ‘has perhaps the worst location of all nations in military-political terms. It is geographically extraordinarily badly located, surrounded by many rivals’. It was menaced by France’s determination to ‘Balkanize’ Germany and to reduce her population. In this context he referred to ‘Clemenceau’s [alleged] aim to exterminate 20 million Germans in Europe, to break up Germany into individual states and to prevent the emergence of another united large Reich’. It was also threatened by Britain’s supposed much broader policy of Balkanizing Europe as a whole in order to maintain the balance of power. There was no economic solution to this predicament, Hitler stressed, but only a powerful foreign policy based on the highest level of internal mobilization. Germany would need to get rid of ‘international Jewry’, which was coordinating the global forces against her. She would also need to pursue the related struggle against international capitalism. ‘The battle against international stock exchange enslavement’ and against the ‘trustification’ of the ‘entire economy’, Hitler demanded, must be taken up.

These were all familiar themes from Hitler’s previous statements, but this time he had the eyes of the German and even some of the international press upon him. His dosing speech concluded with a resounding statement that though the court might secure a conviction, posterity would surely acquit him. In an obviously choreographed sequence, the other accused said they had nothing to add, with the result that Hitler’s resonant last words were left ringing throughout the courtroom and shaped the story of the trial. He turned the defeat and humiliation of 9 November 1923 into a victorious narrative…

Hitler was now a hero not merely to the Bavarian right, but to many nationalists throughout Germany. What had begun in the public mind as the ‘Ludendorff Trial’ ended as the ‘Hitler Trial’. ‘I am occupying myself with Hitler and the National Socialist movement,’ the Rhenish student Joseph Goebbels wrote in his diary in early March 1923…

On his return to Landsberg to serve the rest of his sentence, Hitler was confronted with some serious strategic questions… Ernst Röhm began to revive the SA, under the cover of a front organization, and went to confer with Hitler at the very end of May 1924. Perhaps anxious not to provoke the authorities, and mindful of his inability to seize power by force, the Fuhrer insisted that the SA keep a lower profile…

Gregor Strasser and General Ludendorff strongly supported amalgamation with the DVFP to create a new National Socialist Freedom Party (NSFP). Hitler reluctantly agreed in broad terms but insisted that the main base and focus of the party remain in Munich….

Gottfried Feder remarked after visiting him that Hitler was ‘depressed [and] wants to withdraw completely from the movement’ in order to ‘work’, that is, ‘write’ to earn money. Over the next two months, Hitler repeated his message publicly on a number of occasions. He was acting partly because he was disenchanted with the way in which the various mergers and collaborations were turning the party into a purely bourgeois organization, and partly because he had no real power to turn things around from prison…

One reason why Hitler wanted to lie low was fear of having his release delayed, or of being deported to Austria. The Bavarian authorities had long hoped to do the latter, and in early May 1924, the Polizeidirektion in Munich told the Bavarian Ministry of the Interior that ‘Hitler constitutes a permanent threat to the internal and external security of the state’. In late April 1924, the Austrians agreed to accept him in principle. Hitler managed to avoid deportation, but after being refused probation he failed to get out by 1 October as he originally hoped. On 16 October he made a statement that he should be allowed to stay, ‘because I never felt myself to be an Austrian citizen but only a German’. ‘My affection for my Austrian homeland is great,’ Hitler continued, ‘but so is hostility of the Austrian state’, in which—like the ‘earlier Habsburg state’—he could only see ‘an obstacle for the unification of the German people’.